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- Location choiceDry, flat spot out of wind. Avoid hollows (cold/water), dead trees and hilltops.
- Emergency tent / tarpStretch tarp at angle between trees: low side against wind. Angle <45° for rain.
- Lean-to shelterLean branches against horizontal beam. Cover with leaves/branches top-down (like roof tiles).
- Snow shelterQuinzhee: pile snow 2m high, let harden 1 hour, hollow out. Make a ventilation hole.
- TipInsulate the floorNever sleep directly on ground. 10 cm leaf/pine branch insulation is essential.
- TipSmall = warmSmaller shelter is easier to heat with body warmth. At most 2× your body width.
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