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- The sunRising: east. Setting: west. Midday: sun in the south (NL). Keep this in mind for every plan.
- Stick shadow methodPlant stick (1m) upright. Mark shadow tip. Wait 15 min. Draw line: west-east (first → second point).
- Analog watchPoint hour hand at sun. Bisect angle between hour hand and 12 o'clock: that's south (NL).
- North Star (Polaris)Extend the two rear stars of the Big Dipper 5× = North Star = exact north.
- Reading terrainMoss grows more on north side of trees (less sun). Trees grow tilted away from prevailing wind.
- TipMap readingContour line = elevation curve. Dense lines = steep. Follow descending stream = toward lower/inhabited area.
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